My photo of a three day moon. East is at the bottom. Mare Crisium is the egg-shaped feature on east limb.

Here's my photo of a five-six day moon, near first quarter. East is at bottom here too. The middle [...]]]>

Lunar Landing Site Chart - click for larger versions. Courtesy Lunar and Planetary Institute

My photo of a three day moon. East is at the bottom. Mare Crisium is the egg-shaped feature on east limb.

Here's my photo of a five-six day moon, near first quarter. East is at bottom here too. The middle sea visible above/West of Mare Crisium is the Sea of Tranquility, site of the Apollo 11 landing.

Here's my photo of a fourteen day or full moon. East is at the top. Notice the features are less distinct, but look for the long rays spreading out from the two large craters Copernicus (lower middle left) and Tycho (lower right).

Finally, my photo of a 21 day or third quarter moon. West is at the bottom left

Fasten your seat belts. I’m going to take you on a guided month-long tour of the moon and highlight some of my favorite lunar features. You can use this travelog all year to observe or sketch the moon any time the moon is visible. You’ll be surprised how some of the familiar geology you’ll see on our rocky neighbor changes as sunrise or sunset illuminates different sides of crater walls. If you don’t have a moon map, click on the one to the left, or the other one at the bottom.

The visible features I describe will be illuminated by sunlight from the right to the left as shown on this moon chart. It takes 14 days from new to full moon. At full moon the entire disk will be illuminated, then sunset darkens the features night by night, from right to left. Try viewing the same features before, during and after the full moon.

New Moon Phase Day 1 – 6 The moon rises at dawn, and sets at dusk. The new moon phase starts at solar conjunction. This is the starting point of the lunation or period of the Moon’s cycle around the sky. Day 1 is very difficult to observe. On day 2, the “sea” of Crises, Mare Crisium becomes visible. To the south is Petavius, a large crater with a central peak of over 8000 feet. Day 3 brings Mare Fecunditatis, south of Mare Crisium, into view. On day 4, Mare Crisium and Mare Fecunditatis are fully visible, and the walled plain Janssen is visible. On day 5, Theophilus, Cyrillus and Catharina make a nice group of craters. The crater Maurolycus, with a central peak like Theophilus, appears on day 6. The moon is now approaching first quarter. The terminator (boundary between the sunlit and dark parts of the moon) is now at the center of the moon’s disk.

First Quarter Phase Day 7 – 13 The moon rises at noon, and sets at midnight. The crater Hipparchus is at its visible best near the terminator on day 7. Look for two craters within Hipparchus. Day 8 brings into view the rugged Appenine mountains, and to the north the oval walled plain Plato. With binoculars or telescopes, find the “Straight Wall”, a lunar fault line. Tycho and Copernicus are on the terminator on day 9, and so is Clavius, the large walled plain south of Tycho. On day 10 look for the Jura Mountains and Sinus Iridum (the bay of rainbows) with its hook-like curved mountainous point on the edge of Mare Imbrium. This is one of my favorite objects on the moon to observe and sketch. On day 11, look back on the whole moon and observe the dark lunar lava plains divided by mountains. On day 12, look at Gassendi, a large crater with a smaller crater next to it. Together they look like a diamond ring. As full moon approaches, look back over the objects you observed each night and see how different they look.

Full Moon Phase Day 14 – 21 The moon rises rises at dusk, and sets at dawn. Look at the bright ray systems. The direct sunlight on the moon at this phase washes out features, and you see no shadows, just like when the sun is directly overhead on earth. The long rays of Tycho are most dramatic at full moon! Day 15 brings sunset to Crisium, 2 weeks after we first viewed its sunrise. Watch the shadows cast on the walls of the plains including the darkened Mare Crisium, and craters on day 16 through 18. Day 19 is a good one to view the “Sea” of Tranquility, famous as the landing site of Apollo 11. There is a link to lunar landing sites at the bottom of the page, by the way. Day 20 brings the terminator to another of my favorite observing and sketching sites, the three craters Theophilus, Catharina and Cyrillus. Mountains are the highlight of day 21. The Apennines, and the large craters Kepler, Copernicus and Tycho are beautiful at lunar sunset. The last quarter moon has arrived.

Last Quarter Moon day 22 -27 The moon rises at midnight, and sets at noon. You really have to be dedicated to view this phase, or maybe just sleep deprived. Mare Imbrium and Copernicus are darkening on day 23. On day 24 through 27, most observers are sleeping when the moon is visible. Use binoculars to observe earthshine over the surface of the moon. These are the days (or rather nights) to turn your eyes, binoculars or telescopes to other wonders of the night sky: planets, comets, meteor showers and galaxies. Say good-night to our close neighbor. If you didn’t catch all these features, there’s always next month!

A moon map with almost all the features labelled

Check out all 6 Apollo landing sites, plus moon phase/landing site maps on this flyer I made for the GRAIL mission launch week in September 2011. (PDF)

USNO’s great Phases of the Moon and Percent of the Moon Illuminated pages

Here’s the original 1990 article I wrote for John Dobson’s Sidewalk Astronomy newsletter. My mom contributed the adorable lunar drawings.

My Sketches at the Eyepiece website

I'm putting my hands inside the neophrene gloves, which are now filled with nitrogen

Jane and JPL outreach colleagues give 3 lunar samples a thumbs up.

While attending the 41st Lunar and Planetary Sciences Conference in The Woodlands, TX (a suburb of Houston) in early March 2010, I was lucky enough to visit the Johnson [...]]]>

I'm putting my hands inside the neophrene gloves, which are now filled with nitrogen

Jane and JPL outreach colleagues give 3 lunar samples a thumbs up.

While attending the 41st Lunar and Planetary Sciences Conference in The Woodlands, TX (a suburb of Houston) in early March 2010, I was lucky enough to visit the Johnson Space Center’s famous Lunar Sample Processing Facility. Most of the time during my one week stay, I was setting up, staffing, and taking down an exhibit focusing on NASA/ESA missions to the Outer Planets.

After packing the exhibit Thursday night we got a good night’s sleep and headed to Johnson Space Center, about an hour’s distance away the next morning. Every space enthusiast can visit JSC, and have a great tour. But we had a specific destination in mind — the Lunar Sample Processing Facility. How appropriate a visit, especially after a week at the Lunar and Planetary Sciences Conference!

First, we stopped for lunch at astronaut Jose Hernandez’s family restaurant Tierra Luna Grill.

After lunch we (we being my JPL outreach colleagues Preston Dyches, Eddie Gonzales and I) parked outside Building 31N, and walked upstairs. We donned booties to cover our shoes, and put on head-to toe white bunny suits, gloves and head covering, after removing any gold jewelry. Why? Gold and silver alloys (even 24K gold) have trace amounts of lead and lead is not allowed in the laboratory. Our cameras and cell phones were wiped down to reduce dust, and placed in an airlock. Then we entered the air shower, where any dust remaining on our bunny suits was gently filtered off, and a minute later, we walked into the Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility.

We entered the room, filled with monochrome cabinets and tools made of steel and teflon. White clad space geeks listened intently as our tour guide, Charles Galindo, principal scientist and astrobiology lab manager (he’s very active in educational outreach) took us from cabinet to cabinet, peeling back the years of history, to reveal the why and the how behind the wow!

Soon we were inserting our hands into the huge and awkward neophrene gloves, and touching hammers that touched real lunar samples! We walked around the room, and into the corridors, past the locked steel vault holding priceless samples collected from the surface of the moon. At one end of the room was a large case with three large lunar samples. I’ll end my little tale with a short description of these three samples.

Lunar Sample 61016.7 was collected from Plum Crater on the Apollo 16 mission. This sample is nicknamed Big Mulie in honor of UT geologist Bill Muehlberger, and is the largest rock (11.7 kg) collected on the Apollo Missions. The sample contained 4 rock types, including anorthosite from the ancient lunar crust, age: 4.5 billlion years.

Lunar Sample 15459 was collected from Spur Crater on the Apollo 15 mission. It is a large dense regolith breccia which contains a mineral, glass and chemical composition like that of the local soil. Here are a couple In Situ images!

Lunar Sample 15556.0 is medium grained vesticular basalt from Apollo 15. Here are many images including thin sections. This sample was collected 60 m NE of the rim of Hadley Rille!

When I am out with my telescopes showing the moon to my sidewalk astronomy audiences, I carry a lunar landing site map exactly like this one. The Apollo 15 landing site is easy to point out to my audiences, especially near the first quarter moon phase. It’s near the familiar lunar landmarks like the Appenines, right on the rim of the great Imbrium Impact basin.

Hadley Rille is an observing mecca for lunatics like me. It draws me in to it, and then with a nod to space history and Apollo 15 recollections, I can’t help but try to see some of the tiny craters near the landing site. Peering through an eyepiece at the areas where men landed and walked on the moon adds a dimension to amateur astronomy which I find compelling. You will too, I’m sure!

My complete photo album, including more site visits at JSC and the exhibit at the Lunar and Planetary Sciences Conference 2010 are here. Many thanks to Charles Galindo of JSC for taking us on this amazing adventure and to Eddie Gonzales of JPL for orchestrating the whole visit!